Ultrasound
What is a gynecological ultrasound?
A gynecological ultrasound is a simple, painless, and non-invasive imaging test that allows the gynecologist to obtain a complete, real-time view of the internal reproductive organs. It uses ultrasound waves to create detailed images of the uterus, ovaries, and the wider pelvic area.
It is one of the most useful tools in gynecology, as it allows for the detection of pathological conditions that are not visible during a clinical examination, offering early diagnosis without radiation and without any burden on the body.
Types of ultrasound
In gynecology, two main types of ultrasound are used, which are often combined to provide a more complete picture:
Abdominal ultrasound
This is performed by applying a special gel to the abdomen and sliding a small probe over its surface. It is painless and requires no special preparation other than a full bladder, which helps provide a clearer image of the organs. It is often used as a complementary test to transvaginal ultrasound.
Transvaginal ultrasound
It is the most common and reliable method of gynecological ultrasound. It is performed by inserting a thin probe into the vagina, which is located very close to the organs being examined. This allows for a clearer and more detailed view of the uterus and ovaries compared to an abdominal ultrasound. The exam is painless and usually takes just a few minutes.
What does a transvaginal ultrasound show?
A transvaginal ultrasound provides a detailed image of the internal reproductive organs and is one of the most comprehensive diagnostic tools in gynecology. Specifically, it allows for the evaluation of the following areas:
Uterus
The physician examines the size, morphology, and structure of the uterus, identifying any fibroids, polyps, congenital anomalies, or pathological changes in the endometrium.
Ovaries
The size and shape of the ovaries are assessed, and any cysts, pathological masses, or abnormalities requiring further investigation are identified.
Endometrium
The thickness of the endometrial layer is measured, which is an important indicator for both fertility and the detection of pathological changes.
When and why is a transvaginal ultrasound performed?
A transvaginal ultrasound is an integral part of the annual gynecological exam and is recommended for every woman at least once a year.
Beyond routine preventive screening, there are specific cases in which a doctor may recommend it immediately, such as:
Investigation of gynecological symptoms
Transvaginal ultrasound is often used to investigate symptoms such as abnormal bleeding, pelvic pain, or menstrual cycle disorders. It also helps identify ovarian cysts, fibroids, and other gynecological conditions that may be causing symptoms.
Fertility evaluation
This examination is a key tool in fertility evaluation, as it allows for the monitoring of ovulation and the assessment of follicle development. Through ultrasound, the physician can comprehensively evaluate the function of the reproductive system.
Assisted Reproduction
Transvaginal ultrasound is widely used in assisted reproduction procedures, particularly in in vitro fertilization. It helps monitor ovarian stimulation, assess follicle development, and plan the next stages of treatment.
Pregnancy
In the early stages of pregnancy, a transvaginal ultrasound provides clearer images than an abdominal ultrasound. It allows for confirmation of pregnancy, detection of fetal heart activity, and ruling out an ectopic pregnancy.
Investigation of Suspicious Findings
Transvaginal ultrasound can identify suspicious masses or pathological changes in the uterus and ovaries. In the event of suspicious findings, additional tests may be required for further investigation and a more accurate diagnosis.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
A transvaginal ultrasound is generally painless. You may feel a slight sensation of pressure when the probe is inserted, but this subsides immediately. If you feel anxious or tense, let your doctor know—relaxing your muscles makes the exam more comfortable.
Preparation is minimal. Unlike an abdominal ultrasound, you do not need to have a full bladder. In fact, it is recommended that you urinate before the exam for greater comfort. No other special preparation is required.
Yes, a transvaginal ultrasound can be performed during menstruation if the doctor deems it necessary. In fact, in some cases, such as when monitoring the menstrual cycle for fertility purposes, the exam is intentionally scheduled for specific days of the cycle.
No. A transvaginal ultrasound is a completely safe procedure. It does not use radiation, and no harmful effects from its use have been reported. It is one of the most commonly used tests in gynecology precisely because it combines high diagnostic value with complete safety.
A gynecological ultrasound is recommended at least once a year as part of the annual preventive checkup. In cases of known medical conditions, fertility issues, or pregnancy monitoring, the frequency is determined by the doctor based on each woman’s individual needs.
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