Male Fertility Investigation

Varicocele Evaluation

Varicocele is the abnormal dilation and tortuous enlargement of the veins that drain blood from the testicle. It is most commonly found on the left side due to anatomical особенities of venous drainage. The main cause is venous reflux, meaning inadequate function of the venous valves, which results in blood pooling around the testicle. This conditi...

Sperm DNA Fragmentation Testing

Sperm DNA fragmentation refers to breaks or damage in the genetic material contained within the sperm cell nucleus. Put simply, it describes the proportion of sperm in which the DNA is not intact. Sperm carries half of the genetic material required to create an embryo. The integrity of this genetic load is crucial for: Successful fertilization Prop...

Oxidative Stress Assessment

Oxidative stress is the condition in which the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) exceeds the body’s ability to neutralize them through its antioxidant mechanisms. Under normal conditions, small amounts of ROS are necessary for essential sperm functions, such as maturation and the fertilization process. However, when their levels increase,...

Semen Culture

Semen culture detects the presence and growth of pathogenic microorganisms in seminal fluid. The result determines whether there is a bacterial infection and, in the case of a positive finding, is accompanied by an antibiogram that identifies the microorganism’s sensitivity to antibiotics. The test may reveal: Active bacterial infection of the pros...

Semen Analysis

Semen analysis is the laboratory assessment of the ejaculate based on internationally defined criteria (WHO). The aim of the test is to evaluate the ability of sperm to move, survive, and fertilize the egg. The analysis includes macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the semen, which provide an overall picture of male reproductive function....

Hormonal Evaluation

Hormonal evaluation in men includes the main hormones that regulate spermatogenesis and testicular function. The main hormones assessed are: FSH (Follicle-stimulating hormone): Reflects spermatogenic function. Elevated levels may indicate primary testicular damage. LH (Luteinizing hormone): Regulates testosterone production by the Leydig cells. ...