Ultrasound of the Internal Reproductive Organs – Transvaginal Ultrasound
Transvaginal ultrasound, also known as transvaginal sonography, is the most essential and detailed imaging method for the internal reproductive organs of women. It is essentially an ultrasound of the uterus and ovaries performed vaginally, offering high resolution and accurate assessment of the pelvic organs.
It is used both in preventive gynecological check-ups and in the investigation of symptoms, menstrual cycle disorders, or difficulty conceiving. It is a safe, brief, and highly reliable examination that provides the physician with important information about gynecological and reproductive health.
What is a transvaginal ultrasound?
A transvaginal ultrasound is an ultrasound examination performed with a special thin probe, which is gently inserted into the vagina. This allows for a much clearer and more detailed image of the uterus, endometrium, and ovaries compared with abdominal ultrasound.
The examination is painless, lasts only a few minutes, and does not require any special preparation.
Transvaginal ultrasound allows for:
- accurate measurement of the thickness and morphology of the endometrium
- assessment of the anatomy of the uterus
- detailed imaging of the ovaries
- recording of small follicles
Transvaginal ultrasound: What does it show?
Transvaginal ultrasound provides a detailed image of the internal reproductive organs and enables direct assessment of the uterus and ovaries. Thanks to the high resolution of the examination, both normal findings and possible pathological conditions can be detected.
Assessment of the uterus
With transvaginal ultrasound, the following are assessed:
- the shape and size of the uterus
- the morphology of the myometrium
- the presence of fibroids
- the presence of polyps
- possible congenital abnormalities
Accurate anatomical imaging of the uterus is particularly important when investigating difficulty conceiving or recurrent miscarriages.
Assessment of the endometrium
The endometrium, the inner lining of the uterus, changes depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle. Transvaginal ultrasound allows for:
- measurement of its thickness
- assessment of its morphology
- identification of possible pathological changes
A proper view of the endometrium is essential for embryo implantation.
Assessment of the ovaries
With transvaginal ultrasound, the following are examined:
- the size and morphology of the ovaries
- the presence of cysts
- signs of endometriosis
- the presence of polycystic ovaries
At the same time, follicles are recorded, which is particularly useful in fertility assessment and ovulation monitoring.
For this reason, it is considered a first-line examination in gynecological and reproductive assessment.
The role of transvaginal ultrasound in female fertility assessment
Transvaginal ultrasound is a fundamental and irreplaceable tool in the assessment of female fertility. It is often the first diagnostic step when a woman is trying to conceive without success or is planning a pregnancy.
Assessment of ovarian reserve
At the beginning of the menstrual cycle, transvaginal ultrasound allows the recording of small follicles, known as the antral follicle count. This finding, combined with hormonal tests, provides important information about ovarian reserve and ovarian function.
Assessment of the endometrium
The morphology and thickness of the endometrium play a decisive role in successful embryo implantation. Transvaginal ultrasound helps assess endometrial receptivity and identify possible factors that may make conception more difficult.
Identification of anatomical or pathological factors
Fibroids, polyps, ovarian cysts, or the appearance of polycystic ovaries are conditions that can affect fertility. Their timely identification helps guide the planning of appropriate management.
Guidance for next steps
Based on the findings of the transvaginal ultrasound, the physician may recommend further testing, ovulation monitoring, or specialized treatments, if required.
A proper and detailed ultrasound assessment forms the foundation for an individualized and targeted management plan.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Transvaginal ultrasound is not the only fertility test, but it is an essential diagnostic tool. It can identify anatomical or functional factors that affect conception and guide further investigation.
Usually, no special preparation is required. It is preferable for the bladder to be empty for better imaging and greater comfort during the examination. The physician will advise you if anything additional is needed, depending on the reason for the assessment.
Yes, it is completely safe and is widely used in the first trimester to confirm pregnancy, check cardiac activity, and rule out ectopic pregnancy.
Yes, it can be performed during menstruation if there is a medical indication. In some cases, the examination is even scheduled for specific days of the cycle, particularly when fertility assessment is being performed.
Transvaginal ultrasound can reveal suspicious findings in the uterus or ovaries that require further investigation. However, it does not diagnose cancer on its own.
If a suspicious finding is identified, additional tests are required for a reliable diagnosis.
The examination usually takes 5–10 minutes. The time may vary slightly depending on whether it is a routine check-up or a more detailed assessment.
Get a second opinion! Schedule an appointment
